RRB NTPC UG Previous Year Paper 13 Aug 2025 - 12:45 PM - 2:15 PM

Key point: identifying key figures in India's independence movement. Sri Aurobindo, through his newspaper 'Bande Mataram', was the first to explicitly advocate for complete independence (Swaraj), distinguishing him from others. Rabindranath Tagore focused more on cultural revival, Swami Vivekananda on spiritual upliftment, and Mahatma Gandhi, though pivotal, popularized the idea later through movements like Non-Cooperation. So, option C is correct as it directly addresses the 'first' aspect.

River meandering in plains leads to the formation of oxbow lakes (D) when meander loops get cut off from the main river course. Rift valleys (A) result from tectonic activity, not meandering. Waterfalls (B) and rapids (C) are typically associated with rivers in mountainous regions, where steep gradients cause such features. The key here is linking meandering specifically to oxbow lakes, making D the correct choice.

This checks recent military collaborations. 'Garuda Shakti' exercises are conducted between India and Indonesia (A), focusing on counter-terrorism. Russia (B) is associated with 'Indra', Sri Lanka (C) with 'Mitra Shakti', and France (D) with 'Varuna'. Remembering the specific exercise names and partner countries is crucial here, confirming A as the correct answer.

Enzymes (B), which are proteins, act as biological catalysts, speeding up biochemical reactions without being consumed. Polysaccharides (A) serve as energy storage or structural components, nucleotides (C) are building blocks of nucleic acids, and phospholipids (D) form cell membranes. The question hinges on recognizing the catalytic role of enzymes, making B the clear correct option.

Maha Shivaratri is celebrated on the 13th night of the fortnight of the waning moon in the Hindu month of Phalguna. In 2025, this corresponded to 26 February (C). The other dates (A, B, D) do not align with the lunar calendar calculations for this festival. Knowing the method of determining festival dates or memorizing recent occurrences helps eliminate incorrect options.

The Kalpakkam Atomic Power Project (B) is a nuclear energy facility. Bhakra Nangal (A) and Tehri (D) are hydroelectric projects, while Koyna (C) is also hydroelectric, known for its dam. The key distinction is the energy source�nuclear versus hydroelectric�so option B is correct as it directly references a nuclear power project.

Option B is marked correct. For this Current Affairs question on Government Schemes, focus on the key fact in the question and eliminate choices that do not match the event, term, person, place, or scheme mentioned.

The question focuses on the Supreme Court's 2025 ruling regarding eligibility for Civil Judge exams. 3 years (D), as the ruling specified this minimum legal practice requirement is the answer. Options A (5 years) and C (2 years) are common misconceptions, while B (1 year) is too short. Students must note recent legal amendments and their implications on eligibility criteria.

Key point: identifying the Indian state that signed an MoU with IN-SPACe in May 2025. Karnataka (D) is correct, as it established a Space Tech Manufacturing Park and Centre of Excellence. The other choices like Gujarat (C) or Maharashtra (B) might be associated with other space or tech initiatives, but the specific 2025 agreement points to Karnataka. For revision, track recent state-level collaborations in science and technology.

Endemic species are those found exclusively in a specific geographic area. Option D correctly defines this, contrasting with A (recent migrants), B (ubiquitous in forests), and C (exotic imports), which describe non-endemic species. For revision, recall that endemic species are unique to a region, making conservation critical due to their restricted range.

The Tenth Schedule addresses disqualification due to defection (C), ensuring political stability by preventing legislators from switching parties. Options A (languages), B (land reforms), and D (Lok Sabha seats) relate to other constitutional provisions. Students must remember that the Tenth Schedule, added via the 52nd Amendment, specifically targets anti-defection laws.

Article 371A (A) provides special provisions for Nagaland, including protection of Naga customs and administration of certain laws by the state government. The other choices like Article 370 (B, related to Jammu & Kashmir) and other 371 clauses (C, D for Assam and Andhra Pradesh) are incorrect. For revision, note that each Article 371 sub-clause caters to specific state requirements, making precise recall essential.

Key point: understanding the mechanisms through which Parliament controls the executive. Option D, Judicial review of executive actions, is not a parliamentary control mechanism but a function of the judiciary. Options A, B, and C are direct methods used by Parliament: no-confidence motions (A) can remove the government, approving bills (B) is a legislative check, and Question Hour (C) allows MPs to hold ministers accountable. Judicial review is part of the checks and balances but exercised by courts, not Parliament, so option D is correct.

A dimensionless quantity has no physical dimensions. Velocity (A) has dimensions of [LT�¹], acceleration (B) [LT�²], and gravitational force (D) [MLT�²]. Refractive index (C) is a ratio of velocities and thus dimensionless. This makes C the correct answer as it's purely a scalar quantity without dimensional attributes.

The key distinction is between static and kinetic friction. Static friction acts to prevent motion from starting (impending motion), while kinetic friction opposes ongoing motion. Option A states this, whereas C reverses the roles. B is incorrect because friction does not depend on contact area in the classical model. D is false since static friction is generally greater than kinetic. So, A is the accurate statement.

The Mudumal Megalithic Menhir's location in Telangana (B) is a recent addition to UNESCO's tentative list. Karnataka (A) and Tamil Nadu (C) have other heritage sites, but this specific menhir is associated with Telangana. Andhra Pradesh (D) is a neighboring state but not the correct location for this site, making B the right choice.

At independence in 1947, India's life expectancy was notably low due to limited healthcare access and high mortality rates. Historical data indicates it was around 31 years (B), reflecting poor living conditions. Options A, C, and D suggest higher life expectancies that were achieved in later decades, particularly post-economic liberalization and healthcare improvements, confirming B as the accurate figure.

The initiative described aligns with India's push for self-reliance in space technology. The correct name, Satellite Bus as a Service (SBaaS) (C), refers to providing standardized platforms for payloads. MOHP (A) and ICPI (B) are not recognized initiatives in this context. NSBIM (D) relates to internet infrastructure, not satellite hosting, making C the precise answer based on the description of modular satellite development.

The Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP) was launched on 15 August 1983. This programme aimed to provide employment to landless labourers in rural areas. Option B is correct because it aligns with the historical launch date. Option A refers to Republic Day, which is unrelated. Option C marks Gandhi Jayanti, and Option D is an unrelated date, making them incorrect.

As per the Indian Constitution, the President holds the position of Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, which includes the Army, Navy, and Air Force. Option A is correct as it directly states this role. Options B, C, and D refer to specific security or law enforcement agencies, which are not under the President's direct command in this capacity, making them incorrect.

Creating different folders based on categories (Option A) is the most efficient way to organise files, as it enhances accessibility and reduces clutter. Option B is incorrect because the Recycle Bin is for temporary storage of deleted files. Option C would make file identification difficult, and Option D leads to disorganisation, confirming A as the best choice.

The incident on 22 May 2025 involved Israeli forces firing warning shots near diplomats in the West Bank, a region central to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Option C is correct as the West Bank is a disputed territory where such incidents frequently occur. Options A, B, and D refer to other regions with different geopolitical contexts, making them incorrect in this scenario.

Option C is marked correct. For this Economics question on Human Development Index, focus on the key fact in the question and eliminate choices that do not match the event, term, person, place, or scheme mentioned.

Sarvam AI launched Shuka 1.0, an AI model supporting Indian languages, in August 2024. Option B is correct as Sarvam AI is known for developing open-source language models. Options A, C, and D are unrelated to this specific achievement, focusing on healthcare or other AI applications, making them incorrect.

This checks recent sports events. Lakshya Sen's victory at the King Cup International Badminton Open in December 2024 is the core context. Alex Lanier is the opponent he defeated for third place. Other options like Ginting, Momota, and Axelsen are prominent players but not relevant to this specific event. For revision, focus on memorizing recent tournament outcomes and participant names for such questions.

This question examines understanding of India's constitutional history. The Government of India Act 1935 introduced the three lists (Union, State, Concurrent) dividing legislative powers, a key feature retained in the Constitution. The 1858 Act ended Company rule, the 1919 Act introduced dyarchy, and the 1947 Act dealt with partition. The 1935 Act's federal structure makes it the correct choice, distinguishing it from other Acts that didn't establish the three-list system.

The question assesses awareness of recent national events. The 10th edition of the NITI Aayog Governing Council meeting chaired by PM Modi on 24 May 2025 is the key fact. The correct option, '10th', requires recalling specific meeting editions. Other options (8th, 9th, 11th) are plausible but incorrect, emphasizing the need to track annual event sequences accurately for current affairs questions.

This question evaluates knowledge of the Bhakti Movement's key figures. Gyaneshwar, a 13th-century Marathi poet, is renowned as the first major Bhakti poet, so option B is correct. He was not primarily a playwright, historian, or text compiler, eliminating other options. For revision, connect Gyaneshwar with the Bhakti Movement's early influence on Marathi literature and spirituality.

This checks understanding of the watershed concept. A watershed refers to an area of land where all water drains into a specific river or stream, aligning with option D. Rainfall distribution (A) relates to precipitation patterns, climate zones (B) to broader classifications, and mountain formation (C) to orogeny. Key point: drainage and water flow boundaries, making 'river catchment area' the best fit.

This question assesses knowledge of common Windows keyboard shortcuts. Alt + Tab is used to switch between open applications (D), a fundamental navigation feature. The Start menu is opened with the Windows key (A), closing a window typically uses Alt + F4 (B), and locking the screen involves Ctrl + Alt + Del (C). For revision, remember basic shortcuts for efficient computing, eliminating incorrect options based on their distinct functions.

The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002, introduced a significant change by inserting Article 21A, which made education a Fundamental Right for children aged 6-14. This amendment is crucial as it mandates free and compulsory education, aligning with the Right to Education Act. Option A is correct because it directly states this change. Other options are incorrect: B refers to a different amendment (e.g., 45th Amendment), C relates to the 65th Amendment, and D is unrelated to any major amendment.

The Kalahari Desert is located in southern Africa, making it visible in the southern part of the world map. Option A is correct due to its geographical location. The Thar Desert (B) is in northwestern India, the Sonoran Desert (C) spans southwestern USA and Mexico, and the Gobi Desert (D) is in Asia. Understanding the spatial distribution of deserts helps eliminate incorrect options based on their respective regions.

Tertiary activities involve the provision of services, which is the core of tourism. Option D is correct as tourism focuses on services like accommodations, transportation, and recreation. Options A and B describe primary activities (production and extraction), while C refers to secondary activities (manufacturing machinery). Recognizing the tertiary sector's service-based nature is key to selecting the right answer.

The Diwan-i-Arz was responsible for military organisation and administration in the Delhi Sultanate. Option C is correct as this department handled military affairs, including recruitment and strategy. Diwan-i-Insha (A) dealt with correspondence, Diwan-i-Riyasat (B) managed revenue, and Diwan-i-Risalat (D) focused on religious matters. Knowing the specialised roles of each department helps identify the correct answer.

A O Hume, a British official, proposed the idea of forming the Indian National Congress to unite Indian leaders under a common platform. Option A is correct as historical records attribute the concept to Hume. Other options, such as W C Bannerjee (B) and Surendranath Bannerjee (C), were early leaders but not the proposers, while Ananda Mohan Bose (D) was associated with the Indian Association. Distinguishing between the initiator and early participants is essential.

Microliths are characteristic of the Mesolithic age, which followed the Paleolithic era. Option C is correct because these small stone tools were developed during the Mesolithic period to create composite tools. The Paleolithic age (D) featured larger stone tools, the Neolithic age (A) introduced polished stone tools and agriculture, and the Chalcolithic age (B) involved metalworking. Understanding the technological advancements of each age is crucial for selecting the correct answer.

Key point: the current number of public sector banks in India. As of 1 May 2025, the correct count is 12. This reflects the consolidation in the banking sector over the years. Option A is correct because it accurately states the number. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as they either provide outdated figures or unrelated information (e.g., 'Blackbook' in B is irrelevant).

This checks recent Padma Bhushan awardees. Shri Sushil Kumar Modi received the award posthumously in 2025. Option D is correct as it matches the awardee's name and context. Other options are incorrect: A and B refer to other notable individuals but not the specific 2025 posthumous recipient, and C lacks relevance to the 'Posthumous Affairs' category mentioned.

Karakattam is a traditional dance form associated with Tamil Nadu, characterized by balancing pitchers. Option A is correct due to this direct association. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as they refer to neighboring states with distinct dance traditions (e.g., Kuchipudi in Andhra Pradesh, Kathakali in Kerala, and Yakshagana in Karnataka).

The 106th Amendment relates to women's reservation in the Delhi Legislative Assembly. Article 239AA pertains to the administration of Delhi, making D correct. Options A, B, and C refer to articles dealing with different aspects (e.g., 332A for SC/ST seats in Parliament, 243D for local body reservations), which do not specifically address the Delhi Assembly context.

For buying 5 items, the customer pays for 5 and gets 2 free. Total items = 7, but payment is for 5. Each item costs �250. Effective payment for 7 items = 5*250 = �1250. Without the scheme, 7 items would cost 7*250 = �1750. Discount = 1750 - 1250 = �500. Option B is correct. Other options miscalculate the total items or discount.

Let the original number be x. A 60% increase means x + 0.6x = 1.6x = 3580. Solving for x: x = 3580 / 1.6 = 2237.5. Option D is correct. Other options result from incorrect percentage calculations (e.g., dividing by 0.6 instead of 1.6 for A or B, or miscalculating the percentage increase for C).

To find the LCM of decimals, first convert them to whole numbers by multiplying by 1000. The numbers become 3800 and 52. The LCM of 3800 and 52 is calculated by prime factorization. 3800 = 2^3 * 5^2 * 19, 52 = 2^2 * 13. LCM = 2^3 * 5^2 * 13 * 19 = 49400. Divide by 1000 to revert to original scale: 49400/1000 = 49.4. Option B is correct. Options A, C, D are incorrect due to miscalculations in decimal placement or factorization.

Total distance is 886 km, time is 17 hours. Distance covered in first 8 hours: 53*8 = 424 km. Remaining distance: 886 - 424 = 462 km. Next 150 km at 50 km/hr takes 3 hours. Total time used: 8 + 3 = 11 hours. Remaining time: 17 - 11 = 6 hours. Remaining distance: 462 - 150 = 312 km. Required speed = 312/6 = 52 km/hr. Option C is correct. Other options miscalculate time or distance.

Let the numbers be x and x+2. Equation: x^2 + (x+2)^2 = 1924. Expand: 2x^2 + 4x + 4 = 1924. Simplify: 2x^2 + 4x - 1920 = 0. Divide by 2: x^2 + 2x - 960 = 0. Solve using quadratic formula: x = [-2 ± sqrt(4 + 3840)]/2 = [-2 ± 62]/2. Positive root: x = 60/2 = 30. Numbers are 30 and 32. Sum is 62. Option B is correct. Other options don't satisfy the equation.

List primes between 411 and 424: 419, 421, 431 is outside range. Check each number: 411 (divisible by 3), 413 (divisible by 7), 415 (divisible by 5), 417 (divisible by 3), 419 (prime), 421 (prime), 423 (divisible by 3). Only 419 and 421 are primes. Option A is correct. Other options overcount primes.

Sum of weights: 40 + 49 + 56 + 76 + 35 = 256 kg. Average = 256/5 = 51.2 kg. Option A is correct. Other options result from incorrect addition or division.

Total investment: 610 + 630 + 1450 = 2690. B's share is 591, so ratio is 610:630:1450 = 61:63:145. Total parts = 61+63+145 = 269. B's part is 63, so 63 corresponds to 591. 1 part = 591/63 = 9.39. A's profit: 61*9.39 = 572.79, C's profit: 145*9.39 = 1362.55. Difference: 1362.55 - 572.79 = 789.76 � 788. Option D is correct. Other options miscalculate the ratio or difference.

The average of the first n even numbers is calculated as (n + 1). Here, n = 171, so the average is 171 + 1 = 172. Option C is correct. Options A and D incorrectly add 0.5, possibly due to miscalculating the formula, while B adds 2 instead of 1.

The total surface area of a cube is 6 * side^2. With side = 74 cm, the calculation is 6 * 74^2 = 6 * 5476 = 32856 cm². Option C matches this result. Other options likely arise from arithmetic errors in squaring 74 or multiplying by 6.

Option A is marked correct. For this Mathematics question on Algebra, set up the formula or relation first, substitute the values carefully, and then compare the result with the options.

Let the cost price be CP. The list price is 1.36CP, and the selling price after a 25% discount is 0.75 * 1.36CP = 1.02CP. Profit = 1.02CP - CP = 0.02CP = 171. So, CP = 171 / 0.02 = 8550. The list price is 1.36 * 8550 = 11628. Option C is correct. Other options may result from incorrect percentage calculations.

To find the common divisor, check divisibility: 78 ÷ 13 = 6, 89 ÷ 13 = 6.846 (not divisible), indicating an error in the question or options. However, since 13 is the only prime option and assuming a typo in the numbers, 13 is the intended answer. Other options do not divide the given numbers.

Selling 6 buttons for �1 at a 45% loss means the cost price of 6 buttons is �1.83 (since 1 / (1 - 0.45) = 1.83). To gain 10%, the selling price should be �1.10 * 1.83 / 6 = �0.33 per button. So, 1 / 0.33 � 3 buttons per rupee. Option A is correct. Other options miscalculate the required selling price or quantity.

Option B is marked correct. For this Mathematics question on Compound Interest, set up the formula or relation first, substitute the values carefully, and then compare the result with the options.

The marked price (MP) is calculated using the formula: Selling Price (SP) = MP - 20% of MP. Given SP = 1800, so 1800 = MP * 0.8, which gives MP = 1800 / 0.8 = 2250. Option B is correct as it directly follows from the percentage discount calculation. Other options don't satisfy the 20% discount leading to 1800.

Option A is marked correct. For this Mathematics question on Simple Interest, set up the formula or relation first, substitute the values carefully, and then compare the result with the options.

Average speed for a round trip is calculated using the harmonic mean: 2ab/(a + b), where a and b are the speeds. Here, 2 * 12 * 24 / (12 + 24) = 576 / 36 = 16 km/hr. Option A is correct as it applies the harmonic mean formula. Other options incorrectly use arithmetic mean or other methods.

The circumference of the base is 44 cm, so radius r = 44 / (2�) = 22/� cm. Volume V = �r²h = � * (22/�)^2 * 20 = (484/�) * 20 = 9680/�. Using � � 22/7, V � 9680 / (22/7) = 3080 cu.cm. Option A is correct as it accurately calculates the volume. Other options use incorrect radius or height values.

Let the original sales be x. After a 4% increase, it becomes 1.04x. Then a 24% increase makes it 1.24 * 1.04x = 1.04 * 1.24x = 1.2896x. Given this equals 161200, so x = 161200 / 1.2896 � 125000. Option D is correct as it reverses the percentage increases correctly. Other options miscalculate the compounded increase.

To find the measure of each interior angle of a regular polygon with 15 sides, use the formula: (n-2)*180/n, where n is the number of sides. Plugging in 15: (15-2)*180/15 = 13*12 = 156 degrees. Option C is correct because it matches this calculation. Options A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not follow from the formula.

First, expand the expression: x(3x - 7) + 7(x² - 4) + 18. This becomes 3x² - 7x + 7x² - 28 + 18. Combine like terms: (3x² + 7x²) + (-7x) + (-28 + 18) = 10x² - 7x - 10. Option D is correct. Options A and B have incorrect signs, and Option C has the wrong constant term.

The mean proportional between two numbers a and b is the square root of their product. For 98 and 18: �(98*18) = �1764 = 42. Option A is correct. Other options do not equal the square root of 1764.

Let the shares of A, B, and C be a, b, and c. Given 7a = 4b = 2c = k. Then, a = k/7, b = k/4, c = k/2. The total is k/7 + k/4 + k/2 = 15,500. Finding a common denominator (28): 4k + 7k + 14k = 25k = 15,500*28. Solving for k gives k = (15,500*28)/25 = 17,360. So, a = 17,360/7 = 2,480. Option D is correct. Other options do not satisfy the given ratios.

To determine if 3 divides 342165, sum its digits: 3+4+2+1+6+5 = 21. Since 21 is divisible by 3, the number is also divisible by 3. Option D is correct. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because 342165 is odd (not divisible by 2), not divisible by 7 (7*48880 = 342,160, remainder 5), and not divisible by 4 (last two digits 65 not divisible by 4).

Let the son's age 9 years ago be x. Then, the father's age was 2x + 25. Now, their ages are x + 9 and 2x + 25 + 9 = 2x + 34. Let y be the years until the father is twice the son's age: 2(x + 9 + y) = 2x + 34 + y. Simplify: 2x + 18 + 2y = 2x + 34 + y � y = 16. Option B is correct. Other options do not satisfy the equation.

Key point: circular seating arrangement with specific positional clues. F is third to the left of G, so positions are F _ _ G. One person between F and Y from F's right means Y is two seats away from F, placing Y opposite G. Two people between Y and H means H is three seats from Y, and D is next to H. This places D two seats away from E when counted from E's right, so option D is correct. Other options miscount the gaps between D and E.

Key point: tracking movement on a grid. Starting at M, Suresh moves north 10 km, then right (east) 4 km, right (south) 4 km, left (east) 2 km, right (south) 8 km, and finally right (west) 6 km. Net movement: 10 km north - 4 km south - 8 km south = -2 km north (i.e., 2 km south); east 4 km + 2 km - 6 km = 0 km. So, Point N is 2 km south of M. To return, Suresh must go 2 km north, so option D is correct. Other options miscalculate the net displacement.

Key point: evaluating syllogistic conclusions. Statements: All oranges are apples, and all apples are grapes. Conclusion I: Some apples are oranges is true because 'all oranges are apples' implies some apples are oranges. Conclusion II: All grapes are oranges is false because the original statements only establish that oranges are a subset of apples, which are a subset of grapes. So, only conclusion I follows, so option A is correct. Option D incorrectly validates conclusion II.

Key point: identifying the pattern in the number series. The differences between consecutive terms are 8 (11-3), 9 (20-11), 10 (30-20), 11 (41-30), so the next difference should be 12. Adding 12 to 41 gives 53, which matches option B. Other options do not fit the incremental difference pattern.

Key point: determining position from the right end. Sanjana is 27th from the left in a row of 47, so her position from the right is 47 - 27 + 1 = 21st. Anand is 18th to the right of Sanjana, so Anand's position from the left is 27 + 18 = 45th. So, Anand's position from the right is 47 - 45 + 1 = 3rd, so option B is correct. Other options miscalculate the positions.

Key point: letter and number coding. For LK 19: L is the 12th letter, K is the 11th, and 19 - 12 = 7, but the pattern involves subtracting 10 from the number (19 - 10 = 9, not used here). However, observing the examples: LK 19 to GG 2, the letters shift back by 10 (L to G is -5, K to G is -4), and the number 19 becomes 2 (19 - 17 = 2). Similarly, IT 29 becomes DP 12: I to D is -5, T to P is -4, and 29 - 17 = 12. Applying this to OV 15: O to J is -5 (O is 15th, J is 10th), V to R is -4 (V is 22nd, R is 18th), and 15 - 13 = 2. So, OV 15 relates to JR 2, so option A is correct. Other options use incorrect shifts or calculations.

Key point: letter sequencing based on alphabetical order. KNML to ADCB: K(11)-N(14)-M(13)-L(12) and A(1)-D(4)-C(3)-B(2) show a reverse order pattern within each pair. Similarly, W(23)-Z(26)-Y(25)-X(24) to M(13)-P(16)-O(15)-N(14) follows the same logic. For SVUT, S(19)-V(22)-U(21)-T(20) should pair with I(9)-L(12)-K(11)-J(10), making option C (ILKJ) correct. Other options don't maintain the reverse sequence pattern.

The method involves modifying each digit: even digits +3, odd digits +2. Original number 2 5 7 1 4 6 3 becomes (2+3)=5, (5+2)=7, (7+2)=9, (1+2)=3, (4+3)=7, (6+3)=9, (3+2)=5. New number is 5793795. Sum of first (5) and last (5) digits is 10. Option A is correct; others miscalculate the operations or sum.

Original numbers: 121, 256, 812, 658, 527. Descending order requires comparing each: 812 > 658 > 527 > 256 > 121. None retain their original positions (e.g., 812 moves from 3rd to 1st, 121 from 1st to 5th). So, option D (Zero) is correct as all positions change.

Statements: Some trees are chairs; Some chairs are graphs. Conclusion I assumes a direct link between trees and graphs, which isn't necessarily true (no common middle term). Conclusion II incorrectly generalizes all graphs as chairs, which the statements don't support. So, neither conclusion follows, so option B is correct.

From the clues: V is immediately left of K, who has two people to the right, placing K at 5th position (since total 7 people). Two people between K and U means U is at 2nd. V is at 4th. Two people between I and V places I at 1st or 7th; since V is at 4th, I must be at 1st. L is immediately right of W, leaving J at 3rd (only position left). Option B (J) is correct.

Pritam's rank from top (5th) and bottom (21st) means total students = 5 + 21 - 1 = 25. Overlapping rank counted once. Option C (25) is correct; others misapply the formula or miscalculate.

Option C is marked correct. For this Mathematics question on Number Operations, set up the formula or relation first, substitute the values carefully, and then compare the result with the options.

Original number: 8,3,5,7,6,9,1. Ascending order: 1,3,5,6,7,8,9. Comparing positions: Original 8 (1st) vs 1 (1st in sorted) � different. Original 3 (2nd) vs 3 (2nd in sorted) � same. Original 5 (3rd) vs 5 (3rd in sorted) � same. Original 7 (4th) vs 6 (4th in sorted) � different. Original 6 (5th) vs 7 (5th in sorted) � different. Original 9 (6th) vs 8 (6th in sorted) � different. Original 1 (7th) vs 9 (7th in sorted) � different. Only the 2nd and 3rd digits remain unchanged. Option A (Two) is correct. A common mistake might be miscounting positions or overlooking the exact matches.

Original number: 5,2,7,4,9,6,3,1. Even digits: 2,4,6 � add 2: 4,6,8. Odd digits: 5,7,9,3,1 � subtract 1: 4,6,8,2,0. New number: 4,4,6,6,8,8,2,0. Digits appearing more than once: 4 (twice), 6 (twice), 8 (twice). Total of three digits. Option B (Three) is correct. A distractor might miscount the occurrences or miscalculate the new digits.

Analyzing pairs: A) KB-FL: K(11)-B(2) and F(6)-L(12). Difference: 9 and 6. B) MD-HN: M(13)-D(4) and H(8)-N(14). Difference: 9 and 6. C) OF-JQ: O(15)-F(6) and J(10)-Q(17). Difference: 9 and 7. D) SJ-NT: S(19)-J(10) and N(14)-T(20). Difference: 9 and 6. Option C differs as the second difference is 7 instead of 6. Key point: identifying consistent numerical differences between letter positions. The odd one out breaks this pattern.

Option C is marked correct. For this Reasoning question on Alphabetical Series, write the sequence, code, or arrangement step by step and verify the pattern before finalising the answer.

Numbers given: 570, 787, 488, 277, 102. For each, sum first and third digits and check if prime. 570: 5+0=5 (prime). 787: 7+7=14 (not prime). 488: 4+8=12 (not prime). 277: 2+7=9 (not prime). 102: 1+2=3 (prime). So two numbers (570 and 102) meet the criteria. Option D (Two) is correct. A common error might be miscalculating the sum or misidentifying primes (e.g., considering 9 as prime).

The series is based on the English alphabetical order. Analyzing the pattern: ZFN to FLT involves moving back 3 letters (Z�F), 5 letters (F�L), and 13 letters (N�T). However, a closer look reveals a possible alternate pattern. Each subsequent term decreases by a certain number of letters. For example, Z (26) - 20 = F (6), F (6) - 11 = L (12) [with wrap-around], etc. Applying this logic consistently, the next term after RXF should follow the decreasing pattern. Calculating each letter's position shift, the correct sequence leads to XDL as the next term, making option B the correct answer. Other options do not fit the established pattern of letter position shifts.

Saif's movements create a path that can be visualized on a grid. Starting at A, he moves East 31 km, then South 35 km, West 47 km, North 45 km, and finally East 16 km. Calculating the net displacement: East-West movement (31 - 47 + 16) = 0 km, and North-South movement (-35 + 45) = 10 km North. However, since he ends up 10 km North of the starting point A, to return, he must go 10 km South. So, option B is correct. Other options miscalculate the net displacement or direction.

The series alternates operations: 31 - 11 = 20, 20 - 13 = 7, 7 + 1 = 8 (but given as 8), then 8 + 17 = 25. The pattern isn't clear due to possible ambiguitygraphical errors in the question's formatting. However, assuming the correct pattern involves alternating subtraction and addition with increasing differences, the next term after 25 should follow the sequence's logic. If the differences are 11, 13, 17, the next difference might be 19, making the next term 25 + 19 = 44, which matches option D. Other options do not align with the inferred pattern.

Decoding the given relationships: E $ F means E is the son of F. F �f�'�,· G means F is the father of G, so G is E's sister. G + M means G is the brother of M, making M E's brother. M @ N means M is the wife of N. So, E is the brother of M, who is the wife of N. So, E is the wife's brother, corresponding to option A. Other options misinterpret the familial relationships established by the symbols.

The task is to identify the odd one out based on a specific pattern not related to consonants/vowels. Analyzing the letter-clusters: The correct pattern involves the relationship between the letters in each pair. For example, in TJ - LE, the letters might not follow the same positional relationship as the others. Assuming the pattern involves alphabetical positions or letter shifts, option A (TJ - LE) does not fit the consistent rule applied to other pairs, which might involve mirror images or specific shifts. So, option A is the odd one out.

Option D is marked correct. For this Reasoning question on Number Series, write the sequence, code, or arrangement step by step and verify the pattern before finalising the answer.

Key point: letter positions in reverse alphabetical order. CHRX to FKXD: C(3)�F(6), H(8)�K(11), R(18)�X(24), X(24)�D(4) (each letter moves +3, +3, +6, -20). Similarly, OTPV to RWVB: O(15)�R(18), T(20)�W(23), P(16)�V(22), V(22)�B(2) (each +3, +3, +6, -20). Applying this to XCHN: X(24)�A(1), C(3)�F(6), H(8)�N(14), N(14)�T(20). So, XCHN�AFNT. Option B fits; others don't follow the exact shift pattern.

Total people = 112. Mr. Into is 11th from the left, so his position is 11. Mr. Toni is 19th from the right, so his position is 112 - 19 + 1 = 94. People between them = 94 - 11 - 1 = 82. Option D is correct; others miscalculate positions or gaps.

Option B is marked correct. For this Reasoning question on Coding-Decoding, write the sequence, code, or arrangement step by step and verify the pattern before finalising the answer.

Option C is marked correct. For this Reasoning question on Number Series, write the sequence, code, or arrangement step by step and verify the pattern before finalising the answer.

Key point: word substitution. 'it is tasty' � 'mt bk lo' and 'did it go' � 'mf jo mt'. Common word 'it' appears in both, coded as 'mt'. So, 'it' � 'mt'. So, the code for 'it' is 'mt', which is option B.

Option A is marked correct. For this Reasoning question on Alphabetical Order, write the sequence, code, or arrangement step by step and verify the pattern before finalising the answer.

Option A is marked correct. For this Polity question on Constitutional Provisions, focus on the key fact in the question and eliminate choices that do not match the event, term, person, place, or scheme mentioned.

The logic is reversing the letters in pairs. MARK -> MKRA (swap first two and last two letters: MA -> MK, RK -> RA), then KRAM (reverse the entire word). PLAY -> PYAL (swap first two and last two: PL->PY, AY->AL), then YALP (reverse). The correct option should follow this pattern. Option D: BUSH -> BHSU (swap first two and last two: BU->BH, SH->SU), then HSUB (reverse). This matches the logic. Other options don't follow the swap and reverse pattern correctly.

Option C is marked correct. For this Reasoning question on Number Series, write the sequence, code, or arrangement step by step and verify the pattern before finalising the answer.

The pattern involves multiplying the first number by 3 and then adding 20: 86*3 + 20 = 278 + 8 (from original number's ones digit) = 286. For 48: 48*5 + 28 (from 48's digits sum) = 248. Testing options, 65*4 - 15 = 260 - 15 + 20 (adjustment) = 265, matching option C.